The review highlights key advancements in the crypto tech landscape through 2024, focusing on Ethereum's Duncun upgrade, Solana's resurgence, and the rise of Layer-2 solutions. Ethereum's Cancun-Deneb (Dencun) upgrade aimed to enhance scalability and reduce fees, significantly benefiting Layer-2 rollups. Solana saw its DeFi total value locked (TVL) reach $9 billion, boosted by institutional adoption and new integrations. In a critical warning, Google's advancements in quantum computing underscored potential risks to blockchain security, stressing the importance of quantum-resistant encryption. Layer-2 solutions like Arbitrum and Optimism flourished, addressing Ethereum's scalability issues. Major DeFi players like Aave and Uniswap Labs innovated further, engaging institutional investors and improving transaction efficiencies. Looking forward, the integration of AI and blockchain is predicted to enhance identity verification and smart contracts, while regulated hubs in jurisdictions like Hong Kong and Dubai aim to attract investment. Interoperability is expected to dominate discussions, facilitating seamless cross-chain asset transfers. The expected Pectra upgrade in Ethereum and the emergence of decentralized identity systems signify a transformative year ahead for the crypto ecosystem.

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